What does a 3-phase supply consist of?

A 3-phase supply consists of three hot conductors, each carrying alternating current that is offset from each other by 120 degrees. This design allows for more efficient power distribution and smoother power delivery to motors and other equipment.

Including a neutral or grounded conductor in addition to the three hot conductors provides flexibility in electrical systems. The neutral conductor can be used as a return path for unbalanced loads in a 3-phase system, which is particularly useful in systems where the loads may vary. In a typical 3-phase system, the balanced load can allow the current in the neutral to be minimal or non-existent.

This configuration is widely used in industrial and commercial applications due to its advantages in efficiency and reliability over single-phase power systems. Understanding the structure of a 3-phase supply is crucial for proper installation, troubleshooting, and ensuring compliance with electrical codes.